Excellent IPA Tutorial, etc , compliments of Chris Duffel

2 Excellent IPA Tutorial sites:

http://staff.washington.edu/dmontero/IPACharmap/

instead of having to know the combination code for each character ...

and also this one

http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~stairs/phthong/phthong100.html

its an interactive run through of ipa characters


The second one actually tests you over words, English to IPA and IPA to English; very cool and approved by ee! (:

All the IPA symbols in one sentence, modified to include previously missing symbols

2 Excellent IPA Tutorial sites:

http://staff.washington.edu/dmontero/IPACharmap/

instead of having to know the combination code for each character ...

http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~stairs/phthong/phthong100.html

it's an interactive run through of ipa characters


The second one actually tests you over words, English to IPA and IPA to English; very cool and approved by ee (:

Minimal Pairs

A minimal pair proves that two phones (i.e., sounds) are completely separate phonemes in that language (and not two different variations of the same sound like our various pronunciations for /t/).

A minimal pair consists of two words in a given language with all the same sounds (in the same sequence) except for one, in the same place in the word.


For example, cap and gap are minimal pairs showing that /k/ and /g/ are separate phonemes in English. You can also have minimal triplets or minimal sets of sounds that are quite long. so add tap map, nap rap lap, sap, zap,map, chap, yap, (but not dap, wap, shap, zhap, bap, fap, vap, which are all lexical gaps just waiting to have a meaning assigned to them),

But not crap. Why not? It has more than 3 segments/phones in it, which is all the others in the set have.

On the other hand, crap and clap are a minimal pair, showing that /l/ and /r/ are separate phonemes in English (or allophones of separate phonemes, to be more accurate).

However, crap and crop are minimal pairs showing that /ae/ and /a/ are separate phonemes.

And crop and crock are minimal pairs showing that /p/ and /k/ are separate phonemes (in case you thought they were two variations of the same sound (: , which would just be sad ).

So the contrastive sound in a minimal pair can be initial, medial, or final in position, as long as both are in the same position in their respective words.

Stuff you can do with linguistics

Some Applications of Linguistics

Speech pathology: children, stroke victims, persons with other kinds of brain damage or language complication.

Accent reduction: Teach people to talk like everybody else ; this is particularly helpful if you want to be a spy. Sometimes people with strong dialects are turned down for employment, esp. if communication with the public, etc. is a big part of the job (answering phones, for example)

Writing fiction, etc: Represent dialects or language varieties accurately; use knowledge of language to bring about certain effects on the reader. Poe was very linguistically purposeful in the way he went about writing The Raven, Lanore. (:

Vocal performance: Be able to produce the sounds of songs in foreign languages you don’t actually know. Singing operas in Italian and so forth, which most of you do weekly, I'm sure

Actor: Be able to adopt the language variety of the character you are portraying. I.E. be Meryl Streep.

Government/politics: Be a diplomat (or a spy) (or both)

Military intelligence: Code breaking/Code making; communicating with the ‘enemy,’ combatants or otherwise. . .

Foreign language teaching: ESL or any other language. Speech and/or writing systems.

Other teaching: Teaching content areas to students in a language that is not native to them (e.g., teaching history in English to native speakers of Farsi).

Translation or Interpretation (written ((diachronic or synchronic)) or real time spoken) for the FBI, CIA , Corporate world or a zillion other spheres.

Computational linguistics: Teach computers to think like and communicate better with humans.
Create Machine translators for the FBI, CIA or Corporate world.

Cognitive linguistics: Use language to understand the cognition of the human brain.

Neurolinguistics: Identify parts of the brain that control various linguistic functions. . .

Psycholinguistics: Understand first and/or second language acquisition and bilingualism (different)
Understand something about human behavior and language

Experimental psychology: use language as a key to human psychology and processing.

Communications:
Marketing, Interfacing optimally with the public, understanding nonverbal communication; managing media production (including handing off the speaker turn to somebody at a remote location)

Teaching Reading to Children (or Adults): Be able to understand how dialect differences affect a person’s ability to connect orthography with the sounds of a language; understand the psychological processing of language for reading. . . .

Editing, Teaching Grammatical Styles: Syntax helps you understand and convey the ‘rules’ of a language, both prescriptive and descriptive.

Law: Be an expert witness as to where a person is most likely from, whether they are a native of x language, whether differences in their stories are likely to be due to fabrication or the normal processes of the human brain’s production of narrative from memory. . .

Medicine: Know whether the language anomalies in a patient’s speech are pathological and/or what pathology they are evidence of.

Language Planning & Policy: Help form public policy that regulates the use of language in a country or society (for various purposes). People who think “English Only” in the U.S. is a good idea are one example, people who want to argue for diversity of language and get legislation to protect this are another.

Choose or develop an orthography for your (nation’s) language. (E.g., Ataturk changed the Turkish writing system from Arabic script to the Roman script I am writing in right now).

Philosophy: Combine linguistics with logic and math to chase English and Anthropology majors away.

Academics: Teach, write scintillating articles, overwhelm people with your incomprehensibility to make them think you’re a genius, make not very much money.

Cultural Anthropology: Get into the ‘minds’ of your informants; discover unique linguistically encoded cultural features, assumptions in words and structures that do not exist in other languages.

Archeological Anthropology: Translate ancient texts; reconstruct ancient languages, etc.

Evolutionary/Biological Anthropology: Study animal communication systems and try to reconstruct the path of the evolution of language.

Speaking of Parrots Speaking. . .

Here's an entertaining clip of an African gray doing some 'impersonations'

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7600955.stm

some ipa to whet your appetite

ju prabəbli wʊdnt wɝi əbaʊt wat pipəl Θɪnk Λv ju ɪf ju kʊd no haʊ sɛldəm ðe du.

ɔlən mɪlɚ.

Reviewing 8-28-08

What existed before Linguistics? Why was language studied? What was its purpose? What varieties of language were seen as valid objects of academic pursuit? What variety of what language was an exception to the 'prestige' condition? Why? What's ironic about that in the way that original work was translated into languages all over the world for the next 20 centuries or so after it was written?

Who is called the father of modern linguistics? What country was he from? How did he come to teach this course? What did he propound were the neglected elements of language that a scientific approach would have to attend to? What is metalanguage? What terms did Saussure introduce? What is the relationship of anthropology to linguistics? (This could be a trick question).

What do these terms mean?
metalanguage
semiotics
prescriptive vs. descriptive
diachronic vs. synchronic
langue vs. parole
paradigmatic vs. syntagmatic, which is illustrated by and which is illustrated by ?

What is schema and how does it relate to semiotics?
Why do you have to teach a computer about the qualities of a room before it can 'understand' a story that involves a room?

What do linguistic, paralinguistic and extralinguistic mean?

How do linguists define GRAMMAR?? Why does ee insist that your grandma has perfect grammar in her native language?

What is the difference between 'good' English and 'standard' English, 'bad' English and 'nonstandard' English? Which should cause you to break out in hives?

How is semiotics related to intellectual curiosity as presented in class?

How did the French accidentally invent dialectology?
Why is American Sign Language more like spoken French than spoken English?

Why is narrative so important in the classroom according to mee?

How is the way you talk related to your identity?

Who is Wallace Chafe? What fruit is featured in the title of the important book comparing oral and written language within and between cultures? The ____ Stories. What animal will become the central artifact in the American Southern imagination in the 21st century? Wait, that wasn't my question. . . whose was it?

What is the irony of how the study of language progressed from written to spoken to gesture?

Bonus info: how not to make yourself America bait overseas, how to deflect the identity of an ugly monolingual American in Europe. . . how not to get chased by a band of angry protestors in Brussels, the truth about ugly babies, the virtues of naming your children after your siblings, the origin of madelina margarita, the significance of Sanskrit in East Asian languages, whether or not Chinese and Korean are related. . . who are Roger Shuy, Ralph Fasold and Walt Wolfram? What is the word for a line on a map that shows generally where one dialect ends and another begins regionally? What does learning two languages simultaneously as a baby do to your brain?

Motivation for Learning about Language

I like to talk about language in terms of loving people better, but I realize some people break out in hives when they talk about things like "love" and "science" in the same breath. So for you who would like to ixne the ovele component, let me put it another way.

Regardless of your sincerity, the way you use language has an effect on your hearer, your relationship with your hearer, and yourself. If you want to achieve your interactional goals with someone (e.g., get them to like you, to lend you money, to leave you alone, to introduce you to someone you really want to meet, etc.) , you need to know how your language affects other people. What's going to make them feel respected, what's going to make them feel dissed, what's going to make them feel big, what's going to make them feel small, what's going to draw them to you and what's going to drive them away. So you can look at this from purely utilitarian terms, if you so desire. (Although some would question the juxtaposition of 'pure' and 'utilitarian' there). Studying the basics of language also helps you understand yourself and how your brain works, which should be of interest to everyone, right?

Linguistics, Like Life and Rocks, Is Hard

Linguistics is not like any humanities course you've taken. It's more like a math or science class in many ways, maybe logic. It's definitely not one of those classes you can skate through on your natural ability to produce eloquent language on demand in an essay test or a paper that's due half an hour from when you started. . . I was an English major, too, I know how it works. (: There is a lot of memory work you have to do for this class and some of the concepts are a little mind bending at first, but once you get them figured out you'll have a hard time remembering why they were hard. Don't get me wrong, it's worth it, but don't have any illusions about coming to class and having someone regurgitate the text for you--I'm not a mama bird and you ain't no baby bird. You're a student at a world class university. I expect your performance to reflect that fact.

You Must Prepare for this class. You must read and you must commit some stuff to memory. If you don't, it doesn't matter what the heck I do in class, you won't get a lot of it. There may be one person in 35 who doesn't have to do some actual reading to do well on the exams and even that person has to spend some time memorizing terms, formulas, etc. I spend an inordinate amount of time trying to make information accessible and enjoyable for you and I spend more time with students than anyone I know (who isn't also a student), so I am available for office hours. What I can't do for you is your memory work. If you come to me with nothing in your head yet about it, I can't help you understand how it works. And even though it may suggest that I'm a little messed up in the head, I feel like a failure when you don't learn. So learn dammit. (I'm not going to type damnit and you can't make me; deal with it.)

Every semester I take a little more time to prepare students for what the semester will bring because amazingly, every semester there is a ridiculously high number of students who just flat out don't believe me. Here's a testimonial from a student e-mail I got mid semester last spring:

I think I grossly underestimated the difficulty of this class but I've been doing the tutorials for the IPA on the blog and it's really starting to make sense. It feels like it's a little late for it all to start coming to me now but I think I am starting to understand it and like it more :) I just wanted to thank you for. . . yada yada

I think this student ended up withdrawing from the class. I think she's the only one who did, and my grade spreads come out well, but she's not the only one who found it to require actual preparation to their shock and amazement. Most people are going to do well if they just follow the daily recommended allowance of linguistic prep. If you spent 10 minutes a day on reviewing terms and stuff you have to memorize, you'd probably be in very good shape (that plus the reading and thinking ahead of time). ((I know, thinking is such an extraordinary thing for a prof to expect of you, they are So Unreasonable. . . don't they know you don't have time to think because you're too busy being a college student?)

So, truth in advertising, full disclosure. Be not deceived about what can co-occur with humor. And remember, you're building a brain here. And paying a lot of money to do it. I'll preach more about that later. (: But only because I love you. (:

I Urge You to Check Pick a Prof To Make Sure I Am the Right Prof for You

I may add some direct quotes from there soon. In a nutshell, it says,
She may be funny, but linguistics is hard and her tests are serious.
This is because I believe that fun and excellence are not mutually exclusive.
(Radical I know)

About Your Textbooks for 209

Your main text for this class is going to be a course pack-ish resource which is basically a "Linguistics for Dummies" (i.e., a cut to the chase and make me laugh periodically along the way approach to linguistics). It is absolutely indispensable. In the past I have made these available to you electronically, chapter by chapter. I'm working on a printed, bound copy you can buy at the book store. I'll keep you apprised (and hopefully not up-rised, uprisen?)

However, I feel morally bound to require a substantive textbook that has the seal of approval of linguists worldwide, so your required text is Language Files which is published by The Ohio State University Press. If I were you, I'd get on Amazon marketplace forthwith and order an earlier edition (the newest is the 10th) for a couple of bucks before everyone else in the nation gets on there to do the same thing and snatches them all up.

I also recommend the Introduction to Language text by Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams. Any edition will probably meet your main needs. This book goes into more detail about every subject it covers and is very clear about everything. It also has nice summaries at the end of each chapter, a good glossary, and a lot of comic strips, which are pretty amusing. Some people complain that it is too wordy and otherwise redundant. This totally depends on what kind of reader and learner you are, so I'd look through the book rather critically before deciding to buy-- however, you can't really go wrong with a 2.00 copy of an earlier edition.

Is this the class you paid for?

Linguistics is not the study of how to sound like you were raised by Queen Elizabeth. Or Jacquie Kennedy. Or. . . think of someone snooty and smart who uses "correct" grammar All the Time. You just need a plain old English class if that's your goal (and maybe a dialect coach).

This class is about how human language works--what makes us tick? Or Talk. (: Oh, I am hysterical. What is different about human language and animal communication systems or synthetic languages like the oh-so-successful Esperanto (which may or may not also come in polyester). How is it that any human with normal or even below normal intelligence can learn ANY language as long as they are adequately exposed to it as babies/young children? Do twins really have their own made up language? Do dolphins tell jokes? Did your language ability evolve from the other primates? Can chimps really 'speak' sign language? What is the universal capacity in the human brain to learn language?

Where do words come from? What is a real word Is 'duh' a real word? Is 'depth-y' a real word? I keep hearing people use it. How about doo-hickey? What is the rightful role of the dictionary in your life? Why would your linguistics prof contend that your grandma has perfect English 'grammah' (or whatever her native language is) even without meeting her? That's right, your grandmother, whoever she is, no matter how much education she has (or hasn't) is perfectly grammatical. . . even, hold on to your keyboard, if she regularly says, He don't and I ain't. It's true; why would I lie to you about something so important? (:

Why do some people learn second languages so easily and others pretty much not at all? Why is it hard to learn a new language as an adult? Why is English currently the world language? Is there something evolutionarily superior about it? (Hint: the answer is a big fat no, but why?)

Why can't your cat speak English? Several reasons, esp. if she's Siamese or Himalayan. . . Do girls talk more than boys? Do girls talk better than boys? What is verbal hygiene? What is a dirty word? What are the ethics of language use-what is offensive speech? Is it possible to talk in a way that doesn't offend anybody anywhere? Is offense the number one concern in determining what is 'right speaking'? What is 'bad English"? Do northerners speak 'better' than southerners? Is howdy good English? Why can't Japanese say their l's and r's 'right'? What cool tricks can you do if the roof of your mouth is incomplete? Does it affect your speech? Do parents teach their babies how to talk?

Is your interest piqued yet? Hopefully it's not peaked already because that would make for one dead class. And I refuse to teach dead people. Just a weird policy of mine. You might be able to find some profs who don't mind or even notice whether their students are dead or not. That's not me, so if that's what you've got your heart set on, you should probably re-register. Also, if you prefer for your prof not to know your name and face, if you want to be anonymous in a class, that's not my class either. I will know who you are and use your beautiful name frequently. Again, if that's not what you're looking for, you probably don't want to take this class with me. Learning is an activity, not a passivity. (yeah that's a word, i'm a linguist and if i want it to be a word it's a word dang it!).

Now I actually have some work to do, but I just wanted to get you set on the right course, as it were. (:

Peace out,
ee

How do you say that word? Name? City?

Compliments of Chris Duffel again.

http://www.forvo.com/tag/famous_people/

Morphology power point slides

Please note that I sent you handout version slides of the revised morphological processes presentation last night. I never do this, so feel loved, but don't get used to it. (; So check your e-mail and if you didn't get it let me know (or a classmate, that would always be ideal) . . .

One fancy Turkish word and agglutination

So here's a "word" in Turkish that translates, "Are you one of those whom we could not Europeanise?" Avrupalilastiramadiklarimizdanmisiniz? (I haven't represented some of the characters correctly yet, but you get the idea). Agglutinative languages sort of blur the line between word and sentence as grammatical units of language. English is not agglutinative and relies more heavily on having separate words to perform various grammatical functions. Agglutinative languages start with a base word that is likely to be a noun or a verb and then keep adding morphemes to that base for the other units of lexical and grammatical meaning in the utterance. This is a good context to notice the usefulness of utterance as a label rather than sentence. The Turkish sentence above is technically a single word, and yet is syntactically complete. Actually it's more at syntactically replete, (: because it has embedded clauses that include 3 pronouns for subjects and objects and at least two main verbs. Utterance nicely covers both concepts, word and sentence. That's also why we often talk about Morpho-syntax, rather than just morphology or syntax, since you can see there are pretty porous (i.e., leaky (: ) boundaries betwixt them.

So, a Japanese snake talks in syllables. . . (onomatopoeia)

check it out:

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4699514

http://www.flat33.com/bzzzpeek/index1.html#

Morphology Flow Chart, compliments of Heather

ipa practice from a few weeks ago, us being weird in class (ok, me being weird)

compliments of kiana

wʌns ǝpan ǝ taɪm ðɛr wʌz ǝ klæs fʊl ʌv brɪljǝnt ægiz hu wɚ ɪn lʌv wɪθ ði aɪ pɪ e, wɪʧ sɝvd ðɛm wɛl bikaz ðɛr wʌz lats ʌv aɪ pɪ e trænskrɪpʃǝn an ðɛr mɪdtɝm ɛgzæm.

wat ɪz ǝ fon? ɪnibadi? ɪnibadi??! raɪt! ɪts ǝ ra ʌnkætǝgɔraɪzd saʊnd-æn ǝkustǝk riælǝti--ɪt kænt bi riprǝdust baɪ ǝ hjumǝn -- waɪ?! (ɔr aɪ?!) so ǝ fon ɪz laɪk æn ivent (ivɪnt).

ʃi hæd ǝ begǝl ɝliɚ - wi stɪl donʔ no wat kɛli ɪz itɪŋ. pɝsǝnǝli, aɪ hæd maɪ juʒuǝl hatkeks ænd sasǝʤ wɪɵ ǝ larʤ daɪǝʔ kok frʌm mɪkdanǝldz (mǝkdanǝldz) ɪn maɪ kar ɪn ðe parkɪŋ lat æt sent mɛriz, waɪl wetɪŋ an ðǝ dud hu teks maɪ mʌni tu gɛt ðɛr ænd gɪv mi ǝ pæs.

Oke, ǝ fonim, æʃli, ɪz dɪfrǝnt frʌm ǝ fon haʊ? æʃli ar ju ðɛr? æʃli?!! ǝpɛrǝnʔli æʃli hæz slɪpt ɪntu a komǝ raɪt bihaɪnd maɪ vɛri aɪz. ɪz ʃi dɛd?!? kwɪk, sʌmbʌdi ʧɛk hɝ pʊls! kwɪk laɪk ǝ bʌni! aɪ donʔ hir ɪni æktɪvǝti—ju ar e hartlɛs kruǝl grup ʌf pipǝl. Raksi, ɪz ʃi ǝlaɪv? ʤuljiǝ? ɪz æʃli ǝlaɪv?

more ee cummings for IPA practice

wʌt ɪf ə mʌtʃ əv ə wɪtʃ ʌv ə wɪnd

gɪvz ðə truθ tu sʌmɚz laɪ;

blʌdiz wɪθ dɪzijɪŋ livz ðə sʌn

ænd jeŋks ɪmɔrtəl starz əraɪ?

blo kɪŋ tə bƐgɚ ænd kwin tə sim

(blo frɪnd tə find: blo spes tə taɪm) –

wɪn skaɪz ar heŋd ænd oʃənz draʊnd,

ðə sɪŋgəl sikrət wɪl stɪl bi mæn

wʌt ɪf ə kin əv ə lin wɪnd flez

skrimɪŋ hɪlz wɪθ slit ænd sno:

streŋgəlz væliz baɪ rops əv Ɵɪŋz

ænd staɪfəlz fɔrəsts ɪn waɪt əgo?

blo hop tə tƐrɚ; blo sijɪŋ tə blaɪnd

(blo pɪti tə ɪnvi ænd sɔl tə maɪnd) –

huz harts ar maʊntənz, ruts ar triz,

ɪts ðe ʃæl kraɪ həlo tə ðə sprɪŋ

wʌt ɪf ə dawn əv ə dum əv ə drim

baɪts ðɪs junəvɝs ɪn tu,

pilz fɚɛvɚ aʊt əv hɪz grev ænd

sprɪŋkəlz nowƐr wɪθ mi and ju?

blo sun tu nɛvɚ and nɛvɚ tu twaɪs

(blo laɪf tu ɪzɪnt: blo dɛθ tu wʌz.)

alz nʌƟɪŋz ɔnli aʊɚ hjuʤəst hom;

ðə most hu daɪ, ðə mɔr wi lɪv.

One way of divvying up the morphological pie

Some Study Questions for QuiXam 3

What is formal linguistics? Name at least four major areas of linguistics that constitute formal linguistics.

What is a phone? Give three defining adjectives that ee has provided in class notes and the chaplets:

What is a phoneme?

What is an allophone?

What is phonology?

What is complementary distribution?

What is overlapping distribution?

What is a natural class?
Name all the natural classes you know.
You should know at least 18 for consonants and at least 7 for vowels (look at your IPA charts for clues)

What is a minimal pair?

Give an example of a word initial minimal pair, word medial minimal pair, word final minimal pair

What does a minimal pair prove?

Phonology takes a phone, gives it a language, ask what is the relationship of this phone to this language?

Is it an allophone of any phoneme in that language?

Allophone of a single phoneme- what kind of distribution is this?

Allophones of separate phonemes- what kind of distribution is this?

Mark Superman –allophone (least common, occurs in the most restricted environments)

Clark Kent - phoneme (either man can come out of that phone booth after either entered it)

Lois Lane separate phoneme, no allophones to our knowledge

Mark Superman and Lois Lane exist in overlapping distribution.

Phonology Problems:
You are given two phones that belong to the same language,
You’re trying to figure out if they belong to the same phoneme or
to different phonemes.If they belong to the same phoneme, they exist in
complementary distribution (like the 4 T’s) If they belong to separate
phonemes, they exist in overlapping distribution, they are distinctive.
If they are distinctive, you can make a minimal pair by substituting one
for the other in the same place in the word, and come up with two
totally different words--Meaning they make two different words in
minimal pairs.

Moving to Morphology
What’s the importance of convention in relationship to the arbitrary
design feature of language? What are the two major dimensions of the
meaning of a word or phrase?

What are four sources/directions/triggers of variation in the meaning of a given word or phrase? 1) Across Time, 2) Across Regions 3) Communities 4) Across Languages/Cultures (e.g., Japan borrowing ‘lover’ and using it with a slightly different meaning than English speakers use it as)Words are adopted and adapted by other languages in very different ways.

What is epenthesis- and how does it relate to the phonetic and orthographic form of a morpheme borrowed by another language (not its language of origin?

I'll add more later.

Excellent IPA Tutorial, etc , compliments of Chris Duffel

The second one actually tests you over words, English to IPA and IPA to English; very cool and approved by ee! (:

http://staff.washington.edu/dmontero/IPACharmap/

instead of having to know the combination code for each character ...

and also this one

http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~stairs/phthong/phthong100.html

its an interactive run through of ipa characters

Ebonics and AAVE

Also be prepared for questions about our class discussions of AAVE and Ebonics from your notes.

Midterm Exam

The test is cumulative, as usual. So there will be stuff from Language Essentials, Design Features, Orthography, Biological Adaptations, Vocal Tract Anatomy, IPA, Consonants and their feature bundles, vowels and their feature bundles, basics about the difference between a phone and a phoneme as well as between phonemes and allophones. Know the allophones of /t/ and /l/ we have covered in particular. There will be an English sentence that you will have to transcribe into IPA. You need to know natural classes and minimal pairs-if I give you ten phones you should be able to say what natural class they belong to (i.e., what feature(s) do they all share? Basics about sound systems of the worlds languages, etc. No phonology problems per se yet because we haven't covered that yet. Basics about syllable structure and rhythm versus syllable timed languages and how that relates to the schwa, etc. Be able to write out the consonant chart and the vowel chart from memory (on scrap paper. So basically from Behemoth II all you need is minimal pairs and natural classes. But you need to know everything from the other chaplets and all classes up to yesterday.

Follow up on AAVE

Today I said that AAVE is going the same direction SAE is going it's just going there faster. I definitely wasn't referring to everything about AAVE. We were talking about one of the most stigmatized features of working class English and AAVE: third person inflection "he does" vs. "he do". English used to have 6 different inflections for each of the different conjugations of, for example do, doest, does, etc. SAE is down to 2: I/You/We/ They do, he/she/it does. AAVE has just gone the next step and eliminated the does, same direction SAE is going.

That's all for now. (:

The Fish List Answers

Stopping by Woods and Rich List Part 2

The Rich List Part 1

You can always be assured that I won't give you transcriptions that make you choose between dialects for the pronunciation of a particular word. (Not just because I love you, but because I love ME!) (: The questions test your knowledge of what sounds each symbol represents. If there ever is a doubt about whether you really do pronounce a word the way you maintain, all you have to do is pronounce it for me and if you really do produce the sounds you claim, then of course you will get those points.

You can get extra credit by bringing in a video clip of someone pronouncing a word in a particularly marked way, one that differs from the SAE (Standard American Englis) pronunciation.

A website for language learning

http://www.palabea.net/

human biological adaptations mnemonic

mnemonic for brain larnyx lungs lips tongue teeth.

so: because linguists love language they talk. -Elizabeth Wells-

Lisa taught Tim Linguistics by lunch. -Brian Smith-

Two Little Toys Live Like Boys
Teeth Lips Tongue Larynx Lungs Brain -Amelia Butler-

Black Lizards Like To Talk Loosely. -Amanda Netherly-

"you're Too Little To Laugh Little Boy!" -Whitney Swanson et al-

Little (lips) Toto (tongue) Loves (larynx) Lions (lungs), Tigers (teeth), & Bears (brain)! Valerie Brak

mnemonic for places of articulation-consonant ipa chart

Ben Ladin is a pretty vicious guy.
Bilabial- Labiodental-Interdental-Alveolar-Palatal-Velar-Glottal -Ashley Cooper-